Hello, folks, this is Sudha student-friendly textbook series
as per new video syllabus
material science
eighth enlarged and revised edition
Preface for the first edition
it gives me great pleasure to be to bring out a book on Material science and metallurgy written according to the syllabus prescribed for 3rd semester students for mechanical engineering and a few other branches of Visvesvaraya Technological University I have adopted assimilated and expanded my classroom notes to bring out a book for larger population of students Material science and metallurgy being a core subject is of fundamental importance to students in pursuit of further knowledge in any branch of mechanical engineering or related field
the primary objective of this book is to present the basic fundamentals of Material science and metallurgy in a simple lucid Nagar on a level appropriate for University students who are beginning to specialise in mechanical and allied branches of Engineering in order to achieve this goal I have and forward to us terminology that is familiar to the students who are encounter in the subject for the first time and also to define and explain all the UNfamiliar terms
a second objective of the book is to present the material in logical order within the scope of the topics suggested in the syllabus but it has to be mentioned here that a few places knowledge of the letters after I would have facilitated better comprehension of the earlier topics, for example, the topic constitutional supercooling is discussed in Chapter 2 but the knowledge of the solid solution would have helped in understanding the concept, however, care has been taken to see that the flow of material is smooth and orderly
III objective of the book is to discuss each and every topic to the disc desired death being the first page of the University students are always uncertain about the most things and have their first batch Blues but I didn't care attempt has been made to cover all the topics at responsible width and depth keeping all the categories of the students in mind
Module 1
basics mechanical behavior failure of materials
Introduction
ever since Adam and Eve felt the need for some sort of clothing in the garden of Eden mankind has been continuously concerned with problems of materials while Adam and Eve and their immediate discussion had only relatively simple material requirements such as clothing and construction of shelter we Innova model Civilization have for more needs and accessories and in our intense modern life we have become extremely dependent upon a great variety of materials in fact materials wake up the world that will leave in the role that materials have played in the program since of civilization is best understood by the fact that we have had stone age bronze is Iron Age nuclear is Silicon age and so on
and we say materials with ink of nearly all materials known to science and in all States of matter that is solid liquid and gaseous but then materials science concern 67 physically with the nature and behaviour of only solid materials have a solid materials can themselves be a large number of things useful to man such as food medicine explosive chemical Steels plastics concrete at cetera and so we restrict ourselves to a few solid materials among them which are useful in engineering, in other words, the beast solid Engineering Materials are those which helps engineers to build machines structures automobiles aircrafts and so on
there are several ways of classifying Engineering Materials on one way of classifying them into four broad groups according to their nature
1 metals and alloys for example cast iron steel aluminum copper silver gold prices bronze extra
2 ceramic and glasses example MG Z10 OS IC silica concrete cement nitrites exedra
3 Polymers for example metal Matrix composites fiber reinforced composites Exeter
4 composites metal Matrix composite fiber reinforced composites extra edge of the above group of materials have their own set of properties every Engineering material that we come across is usually known by its properties some of the most important properties of Engineering Materials are
So I was as I have work read the introduction part so now I am very much interested to tell you the difference in between the customers all its under on crystal solids or the amorphous solids because these are the main difference which will be asked in the examination point of you and I carry performance and they are more easy to remember and therefore is it tonight and that more easy to get marks and their also more is u to boost up your percentage in the annual exam which will make them which will make you passed in just 2 to 3 % so what I am going to tell in the below section is a very important difference of crystals on it and then on Christmas Lights for the amorphous solids have should have I have said in the above section or non crystalline solids is also known as the amorphous solids
so now crossfit the basic crystal structure the basic structural unit is a crystal at number of crystals come together to form a crystalline solid is crystal is made up of a number of representative blocks called unit cells which are arranged in relation to each other compared to a crystalline solid with the military parade where all the soldiers are arranged in ordered with respect to each other a crystalline solid therefore is made up of millions of unit cells or early arranged a unit cell is it self-made up of atoms and the number of atoms depend on this type of in excel example metals alloys some sites like NaCl KCL and menu oxides and ceramics nonmetals like diamond gemstone accentra density of crystalline solids are generally since unit cells can be back in an orderly manager in a given you enough space they also have higher melting points and strength structures are stable and metals are stronger
so now I am coming to the path of an crystalline or amorphous solids which are called as on crystalline and noncrystalline called as I'm office because non-crystalline is also called got and another name of amorphous solids and amorphous solids liquids court and another name of non-crystalline solids because they do this to earnings if you get confused in between these two then remember one thing that the non crystalline is same has them of solids and amorphous solids is same as the non crystalline solids but the crystalline solids is completely different from the non crystalline solids for the purpose solid and amorphous solids and non crystalline solids is completely different from crystalline solid so now I am waiting for you there a difference of the non crystalline solids and amorphous solids or I can call the method for solving crystalline solids
the basic structural unit is a boiled egg chair of these come together to form an amorphous solid these chains of molecules in solid and daughter in a particular relation to each other and lack of symmetry compare it with you and not arranged with respect each other and therefore is made up of a million of molecules disorder in today itself is made up of a number of atoms and the number depends on the type of the solid for example class polymer rubber plastic eggs actor amorphous solids are generally low density of amorphous solids are generally low because molecules cannot be contacted they have lower melting point and strength structures are unstable and materials less stronger so what I was telling you guys is that I have no primary examination on Monday so today's YouTube session was very good
it gives me great pleasure to be to bring out a book on Material science and metallurgy written according to the syllabus prescribed for 3rd semester students for mechanical engineering and a few other branches of Visvesvaraya Technological University I have adopted assimilated and expanded my classroom notes to bring out a book for larger population of students Material science and metallurgy being a core subject is of fundamental importance to students in pursuit of further knowledge in any branch of mechanical engineering or related field
the primary objective of this book is to present the basic fundamentals of Material science and metallurgy in a simple lucid Nagar on a level appropriate for University students who are beginning to specialise in mechanical and allied branches of Engineering in order to achieve this goal I have and forward to us terminology that is familiar to the students who are encounter in the subject for the first time and also to define and explain all the UN familiar terms
a second objective of the book is to present the material in logical order within the scope of the topics suggested in the syllabus but it has to be mentioned here that a few places knowledge of the letters after I would have facilitated better comprehension of the earlier topics for example the topic constitutional supercooling is discussed in Chapter 2 but the knowledge of the solid solution would have helped in understanding the concept however care has been taken to see that the flow of material is smooth and orderly
III objective of the book is to discuss each and every topic to the disc desired death being the first page of the University students are always uncertain about the most things and have their first batch Blues but I didn't care attempt has been made to cover all the topics at responsible width and depth keeping all the categories of the students in mind
Module 1
basics mechanical behaviour failure of materials
Introduction
ever since Adam and Eve felt the need for some sort of clothing in the garden of Eden mankind has been continuously concerned with problems of materials while Adam and Eve and their immediate discussion had only relative simple material requirements such as clothing and construction of shelter we Innova model Civilization have for more needs and accessories and in our intense modern life we have become extremely dependent upon a great variety of materials in fact materials wake up the world that will leave in the role that materials have played in the program since of civilization is best understood by the fact that we have had stone age bronze is Iron Age nuclear is Silicon age and so on
and we say materials with ink of nearly all materials known to science and in all States of matter that is solid liquid and gaseous but then materials materials science concern 67 physically with the nature and behaviour of only solid materials have a solid materials can themselves be a large number of things useful to man such as food medicine explosive chemical Steels plastics concrete at cetera and so we restrict ourselves to a few solid materials among them which are useful in engineering in other words the beast solid Engineering Materials are those which helps engineers to build machines structures automobiles aircrafts and so on
there are several ways of classifying Engineering Materials on one way of classifying them into four broad groups according to their nature
1 metals and alloys for example cast iron steel aluminium copper silver gold prices bronze extra
2 ceramic and glasses example MG Z10 OS IC silica concrete cement nitrites exedra
3 Polymers for example metal Matrix composites fibre reinforced composites Exeter
4 composites metal Matrix composite fibre reinforced composites extra edge of the above group of materials have their own set of properties every Engineering material that we come across is usually known by its properties some of the most important properties of Engineering Materials are
So I was as I have work read the introduction part so now I am very much interested to tell you the difference in between the customers all its under on crystal solids or the amorphous solids because these are the main difference which will be asked in the examination point of you and I carry performance and they are more easy to remember and therefore is it tonight and that more easy to get marks and their also more is u to boost up your percentage in the annual exam which will make them which will make you passed in just 2 to 3 % so what I am going to tell in the below section is a very important difference of crystals on it and then on Christmas Lights for the amorphous solids have should have I have said in the above section or non crystalline solids is also known as the amorphous solids
so now crossfit the basic crystal structure the basic structural unit is a crystal at number of crystals come together to form a crystalline solid is crystal is made up of a number of representative blocks called unit cells which are arranged in relation to each other compared to a crystalline solid with the military parade where all the soldiers are arranged in ordered with respect to each other a crystalline solid therefore is made up of millions of unit cells or early arranged a unit cell is it self made up of atoms and the number of atoms depend on this type of in excel example metals alloys some sites like NaCl KCL and menu oxides and ceramics nonmetals like diamond gemstone accentra density of crystalline solids are generally since unit cells can be back in an orderly manager in a given you enough space they also have higher melting points and strength structures are stable and metals are stronger
so now I am coming to the path of an crystalline or amorphous solids which are called as on crystalline and noncrystalline called as I'm office because non-crystalline is also called got and another name of amorphous solids and amorphous solids liquids court and another name of non-crystalline solids because they do this to earnings if you get confused in between these two then remember one thing that the non crystalline is same has them of solids and amorphous solids is same as the non crystalline solids but the crystalline solids is completely different from the non crystalline solids for the purpose solid and amorphous solids and non crystalline solids is completely completely different from crystalline solid so now I am waiting you there a difference of the non crystalline solids and amorphous solids or I can call the method for solving crystalline solids
the basic structural unit is a boiled egg chair of these come together to form an amorphous solid these chains of molecules in solid and daughter in a particular relation to each other and lack of symmetry compare it with you and not arranged with respect each other and therefore is made up of a million of molecules disorder in today itself is made up of a number of atoms and the number depends on the type of the solid for example class polymer rubber plastic eggs actor amorphous solids are generally low density of amorphous solids are generally low because molecules cannot be contacted they have lower melting point and strength structures are unstable and materials less stronger so what I was telling you guys is that I have no primary examination on Monday so today's YouTube session was very good
